遇到医院拒诊怎么办？

<p style=";text-align: center;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="http://d02.wanglv.vip/images/upload/site/27016/default/2022/01/20220107140741.jpeg" alt="WechatIMG498"/></span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 28px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">最近</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">严峻的西安疫情引发全国人民关注</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在防疫的关键时刻</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">西安最近发生的几起因疫情拒接诊的医疗悲剧也引起广泛热议</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="http://d02.wanglv.vip/images/upload/site/27016/default/2022/01/20220107140732.jpeg" alt="WechatIMG497"/></span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第一起是</span>2022<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">月</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">日</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一名孕妇因核酸问题在西安高新医院门口苦等</span>2<span style="font-family: 宋体;">个小时大出血</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">致</span>8<span style="font-family: 宋体;">个月的胎儿流产</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第二起是西安一名健康码为绿码</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有民警护送依然被拒诊</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">结果胎死腹中</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第三起是西安一女士父亲突发心绞痛</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">却因疫情被多家医院拒绝</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">耽误</span>8<span style="font-family: 宋体;">小时离世</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">此次事件不仅暴露出城市管理水平的欠缺</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">部分领导的不作为</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">也暴露出相关人员对生命的漠视</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">疫情期间医院压力大可以理解</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">但我们仍然不禁发问</span><span style="font-family:宋体">：</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">抗疫的初衷不就是为了保障人民群众的生命安全吗</span><span style="font-family:宋体">？</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">这种顾此失彼的做法真的是保护了人民群众吗</span><span style="font-family:宋体">？</span></p><p style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 28px;"><strong style="text-align: justify; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">一、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">医院能否以疫情为由拒绝诊疗</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">？</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">1.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">答案是否定的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。《医疗机构管理条例》第三条、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">三十一条均规定了医疗机构负有救死扶伤的职能</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">对危重症病人有救助义务</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">此外</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">根据国家卫健委在</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">2017<span style="font-family:宋体">年</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">4</span><span style="font-family:宋体">月颁布的《疾病应急救助工作指导规范（试行）》，对于需要紧急救治的患者，医疗机构应当按照《需要紧急救治的急危重伤病标准及诊疗规范》积极救治，不得以任何理由拒绝、推诿或拖延治疗。</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">受疫情影响</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，《</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">常态化防控下规范医疗机构诊疗流程的通知</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">》</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">也做出规定</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">医疗机构要建立急</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">重症患者救治的绿色通道</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">对不能排除新冠肺炎的患者在积极抢救的同时进行核酸检测</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不得以疫情防控为由延误治疗或推诿急</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">危重症患者</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-indent: 28px; text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">二、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">医院可能承担哪些责任</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">？</span></span></strong></p><p style=";text-align: justify;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-size: 14px">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">.<span style="font-family:宋体">行政责任</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">：</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">国务院在</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px">2020</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">年</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">月</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px">8</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">日发布了</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">关于加强新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间孕产妇疾病救治与安全助产工作的通知</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">》，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">其中要求</span>“各地应当指导助产机构加强院感防控</span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">根据医院条件</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">为产科门诊及病房尽可能创造独立进出通道</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px">”</span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">2.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">民事责任</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">：</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">根据民法典</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">1005</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">条规定</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">自然人的生命权</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">身体权</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">健康权受到侵害或者处于其他危难情形的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">负有法定救助义务的组织或者个人应当及时救助</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p><p style="margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">3.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">刑事责任</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">：《</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">刑法</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">》</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">第三百三十五条规定立医疗事故罪</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">即医务人员由于严重不负责任</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">造成就诊人死亡或者严重损害就诊人身体健康的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">根据</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">2008</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">年</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">6</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">月</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">25</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">日最高检</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">公安部</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">关于公安机关管辖的刑事案件立案追诉标准的规定</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">（</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">一</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">）</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">第五十六条</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">医务人员由于严重不负责任</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">造成就诊人死亡或者严重损害就诊人身体健康的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">应予立案追诉</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">具有下列情形之一的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">属于本条规定的</span>“严重不负责任”</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">：</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">（一）</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">擅离职守的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">（二）</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无正当理由拒绝对危急就诊人实行必要的医疗救治的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">（三）</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">未经批准擅自开展试验性医疗的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">（四）</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">严重违反查对</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">复核制度的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">（五）</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">使用未经批准使用的药品</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">消毒药剂</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">医疗器械的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">（六）</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">严重违反国家法律法规及有明确规定的诊疗技术规范</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">常规的</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">；</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family:宋体;font-size:14px">（七）</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">其他严重不负责任的情形</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p><p style=";text-align: justify;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">防疫工作不能以牺牲法律为代价</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">在这几起事件中病人均处于危难情形</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">急需医院的救助</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">医院对此负有救助义务</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">医院在明知道有救助义务的前提下</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">仍然拒绝接受急</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">危重症患者就诊</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">已经违反了相关医疗规范</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">存在医疗过错</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">相关责任人不但要承担行政责任</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">也要承担民事责任</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">甚至是刑事责任</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p><p style=";text-align: justify;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体"><img src="http://d02.wanglv.vip/images/upload/site/27016/default/2022/01/20220107140752.jpeg" alt="WechatIMG499"/></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">三</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">如何让生命至上落到实处</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">？</span></span></strong></p><p style=";text-align: justify;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">生命至上不是口号，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">疫情防控不是机械教条</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">群众生命更不能被视为儿戏</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">保证群众紧急就医和防止疫情交叉感染之间并非矛盾的二元对立关系</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">无论是当地政府</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">还是医院职能部门</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">都应当对突发事件</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">急诊病人建立应急机制</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">、</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">制定相应的预案和绿色通道</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">通过事前防范</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">做到防疫治疗两不误</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p><p style=";text-align: justify;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">愿悲剧不再重演</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">愿疫情早日结束</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">！</span></span></p><p style=";text-align: justify;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体"><img src="http://d02.wanglv.vip/images/upload/site/27016/default/2022/01/20220107143409.jpeg" alt="WechatIMG496"/></span></span></p><p style=";text-align: justify;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;text-indent: 28px"><span style="font-size: 14px"><span style="font-family:宋体"><br/></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; text-indent: 28px;"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size: 16px;">点评人简介：</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span>张晨阳，重庆医科大学学士，上海政法学院法律硕士，现任（全国优秀、安徽省十强律师事务所）安徽金亚太律师事务所实习律师，医法通大健康律师团队核心成员。</span></p><p><br/></p>